F+ hav plasmid F- do not. Copy of plasmid is transfered over the mating bridge to make the F- a F+

By chance the virus could hold the gene of the cell and inject it into another cell causing variation

Hiv injects rna and reverse transcriptase to make the rna into dna

Lytic cylce is wen the cell bursts and lysogenic is wen the virus is dorment in the dna of the cell

Protein coat,genetic material,
inject genetic material to attach to cell dna. Tricks cell to make more viruses until it bursts.